WEBVTT

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Every year
for just a few short months…

00:00:19.240 --> 00:00:23.160
…fresh water flows
into the Okavango Delta…

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creating the perfect home…

00:00:31.360 --> 00:00:33.480
for a small family of elephants…

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and a playground
for their two young calves…

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Bosigo…

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…and her baby cousin, Metsi.

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Bosigo and Metsi
are only just beginning

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their love affair with water.

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But from now on,

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their lives will be defined by it.

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This one precious molecule…

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…delivered to Earth…

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…by the astonishing forces
at work in our universe.

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It has transformed this planet…

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…into a haven…

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…for life.

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Summer has arrived.

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And what was paradise is no more.

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The fresh water that flooded the delta…

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only stays for a few months.

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And water holes are now vanishing.

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Fast.

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This means only one thing

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for the thousands of elephants
who've been living here.

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It's time to move on.

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This has been the only home
Metsi and Bosigo have ever known.

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But in a few weeks,
all the water will be gone.

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So they must leave the delta
with the rest of their family.

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A herd of females,

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sisters, aunts, and cousins,

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led by their grandmother,

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the great matriarch, Pula.

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They're embarking on a journey
along with thousands of other families…

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out into the desert…

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in search of water.

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For the next eight months,

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they will migrate
from water hole to water hole…

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and navigate ancient elephant trails…

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…using the matriarch Pula's knowledge,

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handed down to her through generations.

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The trek will put all their lives at risk.

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And they'll need
every one of their exceptional senses…

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-…to endure the dangers.

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Making this journey is not a choice.

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Without water, they will die.

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Even on our blue planet,

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fresh liquid water is scarce.

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And if we search beyond the shores
of our own planet…

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it's rarer still.

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Even the most arid desert on Earth

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is nothing compared
to the rest of our solar system.

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In the cold outer reaches…

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…the only surface water is ice.

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Like Saturn's frozen moons…

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where fountains of ice

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shoot kilometers into space.

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Closer to the Sun on Mars,

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water is stripped away
by savage solar winds.

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And on Venus,

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it simply boils away.

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There's only one world we know of

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that has the gift
of liquid water on its surface.

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A pale blue dot.

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Our home…

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where right now,

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water is driving one particular family

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on a quest for survival.

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Just a month after leaving the delta,

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only a scattering of muddy pools remain.

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And they're getting fewer
and farther apart each day.

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Pula is using her highly tuned memory
to lead her family to a water hole.

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She can remember the exact route,

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even decades later.

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It's been a long day's march,

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and all of them are desperate for a drink.

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But so are the other 130,000 elephants

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that live in Botswana.

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The dry season has drawn herds
from far and wide…

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…to this water hole.

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All competing
for the same shrinking resource.

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The adults teach the young ones
clever survival tricks,

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like how to skim a muddy pool
to get the freshest water.

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And how to use some muddy water
as refreshing sunscreen.

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Their wrinkly skin is perfect
for trapping water and keeping cool.

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But Metsi and Bosigo are also learning…

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mud pools aren't just a place to drink.

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They're water parks too.

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With so many thirsty elephants,

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the water hole has been drained.

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Pula's family must press on…

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and try to make it to the next water hole
before the blazing sun *s it dry.

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This battle between sun and scorched earth

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has raged ever since our world was born…

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when our blue planet
was anything but blue.

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Four and a half billion years ago…

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Earth was in its infancy.

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A fireball of molten rock…

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…destined to become a dry, barren world.

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But millions of kilometers
out in the coldest reaches

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of the solar system…

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water crystals were forming

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on the surface of dust particles.

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Over time, these grains
of dust clumped together into asteroids.

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Millions and millions of them.

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And these became the asteroid belt.

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A vast expanse of icy rocks.

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Yet they've laid tantalizingly out
of Earth's reach.

00:12:25.840 --> 00:12:27.680
As luck would have it, however,

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a giant was on the move.

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Young Jupiter.

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A monster of a planet.

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Forces within
the turbulent inner solar system

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were slowly pulling it in toward the Sun.

00:13:00.760 --> 00:13:03.880
A flight path that brought it
into a collision course

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with the asteroid belt.

00:13:22.080 --> 00:13:24.560
As it thundered through the asteroids…

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…its massive gravitational force

00:13:31.800 --> 00:13:34.000
flung rocks in every direction.

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And yet,
from all this chaos and destruction

00:13:46.240 --> 00:13:49.040
came the ultimate cosmic gift.

00:13:55.120 --> 00:14:00.760
Icy, water-rich rocks
were hurled towards the Earth…

00:14:06.360 --> 00:14:11.360
…bringing the promise of life
one step closer.

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Over billions of years,

00:14:17.360 --> 00:14:21.480
asteroids were woven
into the fabric of Earth as it formed.

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Caught in the turmoil wrought by Jupiter…

00:14:30.920 --> 00:14:34.120
…driven deep into the Earth by asteroids,

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water molecules did not have
an easy journey getting here.

00:14:42.760 --> 00:14:45.160
And they still had a long way to go,

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imprisoned for millions of years,

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locked within Earth's molten core…

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waiting for another miracle…

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to set them free.

00:15:12.040 --> 00:15:15.960
Today, much of Earth's water
is still trapped underground.

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So elephants have evolved special skills

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to find it.

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Even the muddy pools are empty.

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This dry season
has become a full-on drought.

00:15:49.560 --> 00:15:51.880
But Pula has a superpower.

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Her incredible trunk,

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packed with millions of sense receptors…

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can smell water from kilometers away…

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and pinpoint its sources deep underground.

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But you have to dig for it.

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Metsi isn't a big digger.

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But Bosigo is a natural.

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And Metsi is offered a seat at the bar.

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These few sips won't last them long.

00:17:07.280 --> 00:17:09.880
But if water
had stayed trapped in the Earth,

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there would be none to drink.

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There would be no elephants.

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No life at all.

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After water
was delivered here by asteroids

00:17:41.240 --> 00:17:43.480
and consumed by the Earth…

00:17:45.640 --> 00:17:48.280
it was locked into the rock as crystals

00:17:50.200 --> 00:17:51.800
deep inside the planet.

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It stayed buried for millions of years,

00:18:01.160 --> 00:18:04.360
beneath a vast sea of magma.

00:18:12.920 --> 00:18:17.880
Until slowly but surely, Earth cooled.

00:18:21.360 --> 00:18:25.880
And its surface hardened to a thick crust.

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Then, finally,
the boiling interior broke through.

00:18:43.720 --> 00:18:45.600
Enormous volcanoes

00:18:47.080 --> 00:18:50.880
blasted gas and vapor
kilometers into the sky.

00:18:58.720 --> 00:19:01.520
At last, water molecules…

00:19:03.000 --> 00:19:04.200
…were set free…

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…and formed the first clouds.

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Growing and building
for millions of years,

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becoming laden with water…

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…until the temperature
dropped just enough…

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…for the very first raindrop…

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…to form and fall.

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What followed was a deluge…

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that lasted thousands of years.

00:20:30.040 --> 00:20:32.080
Puddles turned into rivers.

00:20:41.520 --> 00:20:42.720
Lakes…

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…became seas.

00:20:53.480 --> 00:20:57.560
And great oceans flooded Earth's surface.

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And here, water gave rise
to something magical.

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The first life.

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From these first cells

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sprang every living thing.

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Water is the fundamental ingredient

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of every cell of every creature on Earth.

00:21:57.360 --> 00:21:58.440
And today…

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the herd still carries
this ancient water within them.

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It transports nutrients and oxygen.

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It powers every heartbeat.

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And drives every breath.

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Life evolved because of water,

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which is why no life
can survive without it.

00:23:01.920 --> 00:23:05.480
In Botswana,
the drought is only getting worse.

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The elephants' world is on fire.

00:23:22.600 --> 00:23:25.520
The herd manages
to escape the burning forest…

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but walks straight into a new threat.

00:23:37.560 --> 00:23:40.360
In this drought, everyone is suffering…

00:23:43.680 --> 00:23:46.160
…from thirst and hunger.

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And for lions,
baby elephants would satisfy both.

00:24:14.200 --> 00:24:17.320
The adults rally around Metsi and Bosigo.

00:24:24.720 --> 00:24:26.960
It's enough to keep the threat at bay.

00:24:30.680 --> 00:24:32.880
But lions are patient creatures.

00:24:36.880 --> 00:24:40.400
And the herd still has to cross
an unforgiving wasteland…

00:24:42.600 --> 00:24:44.280
before the next water hole.

00:24:48.520 --> 00:24:50.680
They need a lifeline.

00:24:53.760 --> 00:24:56.040
And the Earth provides it

00:24:57.720 --> 00:25:00.120
in the most unexpected of places.

00:25:05.320 --> 00:25:08.000
The acacia tree is a beacon of hope.

00:25:13.880 --> 00:25:16.800
And a haven for creatures of all kinds.

00:25:24.880 --> 00:25:28.320
Its long roots reach
much deeper underground

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than an elephant could ever dig…

00:25:41.240 --> 00:25:43.360
…drawing water up to its branches…

00:25:47.360 --> 00:25:48.520
and leaves.

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It's just enough water to keep them going.

00:26:08.280 --> 00:26:10.840
Especially vital for Metsi's mother,

00:26:12.720 --> 00:26:14.320
still nursing her baby.

00:26:18.320 --> 00:26:21.800
But this is so much more
than just a local oasis.

00:26:25.360 --> 00:26:28.480
It's the vital link
in water's eternal cycle.

00:26:32.720 --> 00:26:36.800
The acacia tree connects ground and sky…

00:26:43.600 --> 00:26:46.080
…breathing oxygen and vapor into the air.

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:56.480
Feeding clouds

00:26:56.560 --> 00:26:59.320
and powering water's journey
around the planet.

00:27:07.400 --> 00:27:08.880
Ever since rain

00:27:10.120 --> 00:27:12.400
fed the first green shoots…

00:27:16.320 --> 00:27:18.840
and gave life to the first tree…

00:27:24.120 --> 00:27:27.720
…plants have made our planet habitable…

00:27:35.280 --> 00:27:37.680
…bringing a once barren ball of rock

00:27:39.440 --> 00:27:40.280
to life.

00:27:45.880 --> 00:27:48.760
But the gifts our universe bestows

00:27:50.320 --> 00:27:52.760
can also be taken away.

00:28:01.280 --> 00:28:02.760
A long time ago,

00:28:04.080 --> 00:28:05.680
there was another planet

00:28:06.680 --> 00:28:09.480
whose surface was covered in liquid water.

00:28:18.080 --> 00:28:20.600
A water world just like ours.

00:28:25.720 --> 00:28:28.440
The same forces
that delivered water to Earth

00:28:29.440 --> 00:28:32.000
also gave it to Mars.

00:28:35.200 --> 00:28:37.440
With an atmosphere in place,

00:28:37.520 --> 00:28:38.640
clouds formed,

00:28:40.480 --> 00:28:41.480
rain fell,

00:28:43.000 --> 00:28:44.440
rivers flowed.

00:28:48.800 --> 00:28:52.160
And an ocean surged across its surface.

00:28:57.240 --> 00:28:59.520
It was a world of possibility.

00:29:00.040 --> 00:29:02.320
It had the potential for life.

00:29:06.600 --> 00:29:08.080
But it didn't last.

00:29:13.720 --> 00:29:19.080
Because not far away
was a raging nuclear inferno.

00:29:21.040 --> 00:29:22.040
Our Sun.

00:29:24.120 --> 00:29:27.520
It unleashes torrents
of high-energy particles

00:29:27.600 --> 00:29:29.800
so powerful and deadly…

00:29:32.480 --> 00:29:34.480
…they can devastate planets.

00:29:43.960 --> 00:29:47.840
This solar wind streams through space…

00:29:52.320 --> 00:29:55.640
at 400 kilometers per second.

00:30:00.480 --> 00:30:03.160
And it ripped through
the Martian atmosphere,

00:30:04.640 --> 00:30:06.800
tearing water molecules apart.

00:30:15.040 --> 00:30:16.520
Bit by bit,

00:30:16.600 --> 00:30:18.160
over millions of years,

00:30:19.600 --> 00:30:24.480
the planet's protective layer
was stripped away by the Sun's fury…

00:30:29.680 --> 00:30:31.640
…until its ocean evaporated…

00:30:37.640 --> 00:30:41.040
and its water was lost to space.

00:30:48.600 --> 00:30:52.400
Mars became a desolate, frozen shadow

00:30:52.920 --> 00:30:54.280
of its former self.

00:31:03.360 --> 00:31:05.920
Consumed by dust storms.

00:31:12.520 --> 00:31:14.480
Any chance of complex life…

00:31:16.480 --> 00:31:18.280
gone forever.

00:31:27.560 --> 00:31:29.640
This could have been our story too.

00:31:44.360 --> 00:31:46.640
But somehow, on Earth,

00:31:47.560 --> 00:31:51.280
water and life
have found a way to cling on.

00:32:06.320 --> 00:32:07.960
In Botswana,

00:32:08.040 --> 00:32:10.640
after 200 days in the burning sun…

00:32:12.840 --> 00:32:15.000
…there is no water to be found.

00:32:23.680 --> 00:32:26.040
Violent winds whip the scorched earth

00:32:26.120 --> 00:32:27.600
into a dust bowl.

00:32:45.320 --> 00:32:49.440
And the elephants' struggle
hasn't gone unnoticed.

00:33:02.920 --> 00:33:06.800
In daylight,
adults can usually protect their young.

00:33:18.240 --> 00:33:19.800
But when night falls…

00:33:25.480 --> 00:33:26.920
…it's a different story.

00:33:37.520 --> 00:33:40.400
Lions are masters of chaos and confusion.

00:33:53.440 --> 00:33:55.880
They pick the most vulnerable target…

00:34:00.800 --> 00:34:02.120
…working as a pack…

00:34:08.200 --> 00:34:10.280
…until there's nowhere left to run.

00:34:27.240 --> 00:34:29.600
Without the entire herd as protection,

00:34:30.960 --> 00:34:34.080
the lions overwhelm their prey.

00:34:36.880 --> 00:34:40.600
The drought and endless search
for food and water

00:34:41.440 --> 00:34:44.880
have taken their ultimate toll on Bosigo.

00:34:55.040 --> 00:34:58.240
Elephants form deep emotional bonds.

00:35:09.920 --> 00:35:13.080
All the family mourn Bosigo's loss.

00:35:30.480 --> 00:35:32.840
The herd gathers to comfort Metsi,

00:35:34.680 --> 00:35:36.960
who feels it hardest of all.

00:35:48.480 --> 00:35:50.720
The never-ending fight to survive

00:35:50.800 --> 00:35:52.480
plays out every year,

00:35:54.280 --> 00:35:55.720
across the Okavango…

00:35:58.000 --> 00:35:59.280
across our planet…

00:36:01.960 --> 00:36:03.040
and beyond.

00:36:07.080 --> 00:36:09.560
But in this battle for survival,

00:36:10.440 --> 00:36:12.000
Earth got truly lucky…

00:36:14.000 --> 00:36:17.440
with a secret guardian that protects it.

00:36:24.360 --> 00:36:25.480
Deep within…

00:36:28.520 --> 00:36:32.280
…the planet's raging molten furnace burns

00:36:32.920 --> 00:36:33.920
and churns…

00:36:37.840 --> 00:36:40.240
…generating a powerful magnetic field

00:36:41.920 --> 00:36:44.360
that extends from the heart of the planet…

00:36:46.160 --> 00:36:50.680
…65,000 kilometers out towards the Sun.

00:36:52.600 --> 00:36:55.880
A vital force field defending Earth…

00:36:58.320 --> 00:37:01.040
…from the same savage solar winds

00:37:02.080 --> 00:37:04.040
that stripped water from Mars.

00:37:10.480 --> 00:37:13.920
Defeating them
before they hit our atmosphere.

00:37:26.520 --> 00:37:28.760
Safeguarding our essential water.

00:37:30.520 --> 00:37:34.160
Hugging every drop close to our planet.

00:37:41.040 --> 00:37:43.960
This is what makes our pale blue dot

00:37:44.480 --> 00:37:46.160
unlike anywhere else.

00:37:49.520 --> 00:37:52.920
A place where life can thrive.

00:37:56.960 --> 00:37:59.080
Bringing relief to the elephants.

00:38:01.600 --> 00:38:04.880
Ensuring rains return each year
without fail.

00:38:09.680 --> 00:38:14.000
In the distance,
storm clouds are building.

00:38:29.200 --> 00:38:33.800
Elephants can detect
the low-frequency rumble of thunder

00:38:33.880 --> 00:38:36.480
from 240 kilometers away.

00:38:43.400 --> 00:38:47.880
And it's telling them it's time
to return to the Okavango.

00:38:56.600 --> 00:38:58.440
From the highlands of Angola,

00:39:00.200 --> 00:39:03.080
water is weaving its way through Botswana…

00:39:12.000 --> 00:39:14.280
…to rejuvenate the delta…

00:39:22.640 --> 00:39:24.720
with the kiss of life.

00:39:34.480 --> 00:39:37.480
Every step
that brings the herd closer to home…

00:39:40.760 --> 00:39:45.280
is a continuation
of a much larger cosmic odyssey.

00:39:51.640 --> 00:39:57.280
From tiny molecules hitching a ride
on dust beyond Jupiter…

00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:05.800
to surviving the crushing heat
of early Earth.

00:40:13.680 --> 00:40:16.160
Imprisoned in the planet's core…

00:40:18.200 --> 00:40:19.880
…then set free…

00:40:21.240 --> 00:40:23.080
…to sow the seeds of life…

00:40:27.360 --> 00:40:31.880
…every drop of water
has an amazing tale to tell.

00:40:34.640 --> 00:40:36.000
Every molecule…

00:40:36.080 --> 00:40:39.120
-…a link in an unbroken chain…

00:40:40.440 --> 00:40:43.400
…cycling over tens of thousands of years…

00:40:46.480 --> 00:40:47.800
…through air…

00:40:50.840 --> 00:40:51.800
oceans…

00:40:55.680 --> 00:40:56.560
rocks…

00:41:04.800 --> 00:41:05.960
…and elephants.

00:41:11.680 --> 00:41:16.040
After eight months
and hundreds of kilometers,

00:41:17.720 --> 00:41:21.520
Metsi and her family have finally reached

00:41:21.600 --> 00:41:24.960
the life-giving waters of the delta.

00:41:38.040 --> 00:41:41.640
It's well past time to drink…

00:41:43.880 --> 00:41:45.080
and play.

00:41:47.440 --> 00:41:50.160
And then, drink some more.

00:41:59.560 --> 00:42:02.040
And show the newest member of the family…

00:42:06.360 --> 00:42:09.200
…how they do things in the delta.

00:42:22.360 --> 00:42:25.360
Metsi and her new baby cousin

00:42:25.440 --> 00:42:28.240
are the latest in a long line

00:42:28.320 --> 00:42:31.560
to benefit from water's miraculous arrival

00:42:32.800 --> 00:42:33.720
on this planet.

00:42:44.480 --> 00:42:46.440
They will forever be connected

00:42:46.520 --> 00:42:47.880
to the universe

00:42:48.800 --> 00:42:52.280
that gave our planet this magic ingredient

00:42:54.040 --> 00:42:59.920
and gave us the ability
to preserve and treasure it.

00:43:10.840 --> 00:43:15.120
Next, the story of our universe concludes…

00:43:16.280 --> 00:43:22.160
…with the force that brings everything
we've seen so far together.

00:43:23.560 --> 00:43:26.320
The great sculptor of the cosmos,

00:43:26.960 --> 00:43:27.800
gravity.

00:43:29.160 --> 00:43:32.520
It's a force of attraction
that built our planet.

00:43:35.560 --> 00:43:39.160
And we'll bring two penguins together
at Earth's southern pole.

00:43:41.040 --> 00:43:44.120
But when did gravity
start exerting its influence?

00:43:45.680 --> 00:43:50.080
How does it create both order and chaos?

00:43:52.920 --> 00:43:57.640
And why does it make ours
the perfect planet for life…

00:43:59.920 --> 00:44:00.920
…and love?