WEBVTT 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:05.000 -- 00:00:11.630 --> 00:00:13.840 ‐ This neighborhood has changed so much. 00:00:15.300 --> 00:00:16.850 I don't recognize it. 00:00:16.850 --> 00:00:17.930 At all. 00:00:17.930 --> 00:00:19.140 Do you wanna get something to eat? 00:00:19.140 --> 00:00:20.390 Yeah. 00:00:20.390 --> 00:00:23.810 The only thing I trust on this menu is the algae, to be honest. 00:00:23.810 --> 00:00:26.730 ‐ Well... this guy's supposed to be a pretty good cook. 00:00:31.900 --> 00:00:33.610 Guys, I'm known for the bug burger. 00:00:33.610 --> 00:00:37.280 These are local‐sourced locusts from‐from the wrath of God. 00:00:37.280 --> 00:00:39.160 From the last plague. 00:00:39.160 --> 00:00:40.910 And I use these in my bug burgers. 00:00:41.830 --> 00:00:44.250 For me, that adds umami. 00:00:45.870 --> 00:00:47.790 ‐ He's still trying to enjoy food. 00:00:48.460 --> 00:00:50.380 I‐I feel like those days are gone. 00:00:50.380 --> 00:00:52.550 ‐ I remember not having to eat bugs. 00:00:52.550 --> 00:00:54.300 Yeah, what did you eat, hot dogs? 00:00:54.300 --> 00:00:56.300 That's made out of grinded chicken *s. 00:00:56.300 --> 00:00:58.720 Bug *s taste better than chicken *s. 00:00:58.720 --> 00:01:00.260 Trust me, *. 00:01:00.260 --> 00:01:01.180 ‐ This is sad though. 00:01:01.180 --> 00:01:03.680 It's very possible we're going to live in a world 00:01:03.680 --> 00:01:04.690 where there's nothing to eat. 00:01:04.690 --> 00:01:05.850 One hundred percent. 00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:07.860 The future's gonna be potentially less delicious. 00:01:09.020 --> 00:01:10.020 But we'll see. 00:01:10.020 --> 00:01:12.150 ‐ I might have eaten a real chicken once, 00:01:12.150 --> 00:01:13.490 but now it just tastes like a shoe. 00:01:27.250 --> 00:01:28.630 Well, in the year 2000, 00:01:29.130 --> 00:01:33.170 I think I'll probably be in a spaceship to the moon dictating robots. 00:01:33.630 --> 00:01:35.800 ‐ I don't like the idea of, sort of, 00:01:35.800 --> 00:01:37.970 getting up and finding you've got 00:01:37.970 --> 00:01:40.510 a cabbage pill to eat for breakfast or something. 00:01:40.510 --> 00:01:42.180 ‐ I think it'll be very dull. 00:01:44.350 --> 00:01:46.270 People have always been trying to figure out 00:01:46.270 --> 00:01:47.440 where things are going 00:01:47.440 --> 00:01:48.690 and how they're gonna get there. 00:01:50.980 --> 00:01:52.730 You know when we talk about the future of food, 00:01:52.730 --> 00:01:54.570 even if you looked at movies that happened 00:01:54.570 --> 00:01:56.570 like 50 years ago about the future, 00:01:59.410 --> 00:02:02.580 2050 seems like a faraway and abstract prospect. 00:02:02.580 --> 00:02:04.630 But it'll be here in less than 30 years. 00:02:04.630 --> 00:02:07.090 Try to remember what life was like 30 years ago. 00:02:10.130 --> 00:02:11.340 Actually it was more like this. 00:02:16.180 --> 00:02:18.350 The possibilities of the future are infinite. 00:02:18.740 --> 00:02:20.040 Some of this, 00:02:20.040 --> 00:02:21.330 or this. 00:02:22.170 --> 00:02:23.760 But as I run my simulations, 00:02:23.760 --> 00:02:26.970 I see that the future of food can be divided into two outcomes. 00:02:26.970 --> 00:02:29.180 Will it be worse or will it be better? 00:02:29.680 --> 00:02:31.600 I can tell you for sure it won't be the same. 00:02:31.600 --> 00:02:32.510 What do you think, Dave? 00:02:33.140 --> 00:02:36.350 ‐ Will people watch movies in the future? 00:02:36.350 --> 00:02:37.230 Yes. 00:02:37.230 --> 00:02:39.060 Will people be eating in restaurants? 00:02:39.060 --> 00:02:40.060 The answer is yes. 00:02:40.060 --> 00:02:42.520 Will people stop eating barbecue in the future? 00:02:42.520 --> 00:02:44.030 Are we gonna get rid of plates? 00:02:44.030 --> 00:02:45.440 Are we gonna get rid of bowls? 00:02:45.440 --> 00:02:47.400 Maybe the spork gets rid of everything. 00:02:47.910 --> 00:02:49.450 Spork is very underrated. 00:02:49.450 --> 00:02:51.450 Only place I can get it is Popeye's. 00:02:52.280 --> 00:02:54.500 Okay, sure, more sporks. 00:02:55.040 --> 00:02:56.120 Very cool. 00:02:56.120 --> 00:02:58.420 Maybe we should broaden our pool of experts here. 00:02:58.420 --> 00:03:01.040 What's a good future‐facing content these days? 00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:04.580 On the one hand, 00:03:04.580 --> 00:03:07.120 I think of like The Jetsons or something like that. 00:03:07.120 --> 00:03:11.500 Or Star Trek, where you just press a button and magically food appears. 00:03:14.710 --> 00:03:17.470 And on the other hand it's like the world of 2050 we know 00:03:17.470 --> 00:03:20.260 we're gonna have climate issues 00:03:20.260 --> 00:03:22.810 that are gonna impact food ways. 00:03:24.350 --> 00:03:26.850 I'm trying to be optimistic here about what the future is. 00:03:26.850 --> 00:03:28.600 But when I think about the future 00:03:28.600 --> 00:03:30.940 I think about the climate change for my kids. 00:03:31.860 --> 00:03:33.980 And what are we gonna leave them? 00:03:34.480 --> 00:03:35.900 Are people 30 years from now 00:03:35.900 --> 00:03:38.280 going to be navigating the world with climate 00:03:38.740 --> 00:03:41.580 orienting their own thinking about everything that they do? 00:03:42.280 --> 00:03:45.200 And, you know, honestly, I think that they will. 00:03:46.750 --> 00:03:48.080 The California fires, 00:03:48.080 --> 00:03:49.670 the flooding of Bangladesh, 00:03:49.670 --> 00:03:51.500 the deforestation of the Amazon, 00:03:51.500 --> 00:03:53.040 coral reefs ‐ completely dead. 00:03:53.040 --> 00:03:54.500 And the insects are gonna be bigger. 00:03:54.500 --> 00:03:57.920 Drought, more extreme than ever hit the American Dust Bowl. 00:03:57.920 --> 00:03:59.380 Regular crop failures. 00:03:59.380 --> 00:04:00.470 Parts of the planet could be hit by 00:04:00.470 --> 00:04:02.680 six climate‐driven natural disasters at once. 00:04:03.180 --> 00:04:04.720 Hurricane after hurricane. 00:04:04.720 --> 00:04:06.140 The melting of the Arctic ice caps. 00:04:06.140 --> 00:04:08.100 If your state is on fire 00:04:08.100 --> 00:04:09.640 and your kids are breathing this air, 00:04:09.640 --> 00:04:13.900 carbon particulates in every single placenta. 00:04:13.900 --> 00:04:14.770 ‐ Wait, what? 00:04:15.530 --> 00:04:16.400 That's‐‐ 00:04:17.150 --> 00:04:18.070 Come on, man. 00:04:18.450 --> 00:04:20.410 That's so terrible. ‐ Yeah. 00:04:21.490 --> 00:04:24.740 We've sort of already today landed on a new planet 00:04:24.740 --> 00:04:26.660 with a totally different set of climate conditions. 00:04:26.660 --> 00:04:28.210 And we just have to kinda figure out 00:04:28.750 --> 00:04:31.290 what of the civilization that we brought with us 00:04:31.290 --> 00:04:32.630 can survive these new conditions, 00:04:32.630 --> 00:04:33.840 what we're gonna have to adapt 00:04:33.840 --> 00:04:35.920 and what we're gonna have to discard. 00:04:35.920 --> 00:04:38.880 The world we're gonna be living in and the food we're gonna be eating 00:04:38.880 --> 00:04:41.130 is going to be defined by those struggles. 00:04:41.130 --> 00:04:42.180 And the generations to come 00:04:42.180 --> 00:04:44.970 may have a very, very different relationship to food 00:04:44.970 --> 00:04:47.140 than the one that you and I grew up with. 00:04:47.140 --> 00:04:49.980 ‐ Well, this is exactly how I thought I was gonna feel 00:04:49.980 --> 00:04:52.150 by the end of this conversation. 00:04:54.480 --> 00:04:56.480 ‐ This problem is all‐encompassing. 00:04:56.980 --> 00:04:59.240 It touches every aspect of your life 00:04:59.240 --> 00:05:01.070 and we need to figure out some ways of living 00:05:01.070 --> 00:05:02.200 in a sustainable way. 00:05:03.990 --> 00:05:06.410 So, we're gonna do a recipe club 00:05:06.410 --> 00:05:07.950 about the future now. 00:05:07.950 --> 00:05:10.250 My question is who among us 00:05:10.250 --> 00:05:13.540 has the most dystopian to least dystopian version 00:05:13.540 --> 00:05:15.000 of food in the future. 00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:18.090 And I think Priya is clearly the most dystopian. 00:05:18.090 --> 00:05:19.300 ‐ Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 00:05:19.300 --> 00:05:20.630 You've chosen the most‐‐ You've chosen‐‐ 00:05:20.630 --> 00:05:22.880 You're the most pessimistic of the three of us. 00:05:22.880 --> 00:05:24.890 ‐ From the recipes, it seems to be 00:05:24.890 --> 00:05:26.220 an incredibly bleak future. ‐ Wow. 00:05:26.220 --> 00:05:27.930 I was about to say I'm the least‐‐ 00:05:27.930 --> 00:05:28.680 ‐ How is that‐‐ 00:05:28.680 --> 00:05:30.140 Okay, explain how you're the least. 00:05:30.140 --> 00:05:32.730 Population growth is happening at a pace 00:05:32.730 --> 00:05:35.360 more than, like, how quickly we can grow our food. 00:05:35.360 --> 00:05:39.030 And we're gonna have to find other ways to grow food. 00:05:39.030 --> 00:05:40.490 I chose algae. 00:05:43.410 --> 00:05:46.240 Algae can be grown on non‐arable land. 00:05:46.240 --> 00:05:48.030 It grows really, really fast. 00:05:48.030 --> 00:05:50.160 And it's super nutrient dense. 00:05:50.160 --> 00:05:53.370 There's also many ways to eat this that, like, 00:05:53.370 --> 00:05:57.290 cultures from Japan to Korea have been doing for centuries. 00:05:57.290 --> 00:06:00.170 Roasting it, drying it, salting it, eating it fresh. 00:06:00.170 --> 00:06:03.760 ‐ I feel like if you... say the word "algae," 00:06:03.760 --> 00:06:05.720 nobody wants to buy that. ‐ Yeah. 00:06:05.720 --> 00:06:10.970 ‐ Well, that's why we've marketed it as kombu, dried kelp. 00:06:10.970 --> 00:06:12.140 Seaweed salad. 00:06:12.140 --> 00:06:15.440 We even have these kelp noodles. 00:06:15.980 --> 00:06:18.480 ‐ If you ask me when I was seven, eight years old, 00:06:18.480 --> 00:06:20.360 when I first brought it to lunch 00:06:20.360 --> 00:06:22.150 in my elementary school and got laughed at. 00:06:22.150 --> 00:06:25.610 Like, oh, one day every kid, regardless of their skin color 00:06:25.610 --> 00:06:27.780 will be eating this, I'd be like, no * way. 00:06:27.780 --> 00:06:28.700 Well, that's what I'm telling you. 00:06:28.700 --> 00:06:30.580 Your food is the future. 00:06:31.490 --> 00:06:33.790 I think that for so long, 00:06:33.790 --> 00:06:36.250 basically non‐white communities, indigenous communities, 00:06:36.250 --> 00:06:38.080 Black communities, Brown communities, Asian communities 00:06:38.080 --> 00:06:40.700 have been being hyper‐resourceful 00:06:40.700 --> 00:06:43.220 finding delicious sustainable sources of food 00:06:43.220 --> 00:06:45.550 and other cultures just haven't caught on. 00:06:45.550 --> 00:06:47.550 ‐ I will tell you what I think the true 00:06:48.430 --> 00:06:49.600 importance of your dish, 00:06:49.600 --> 00:06:51.640 and it's not the seaweed, in terms of the future. 00:06:51.640 --> 00:06:55.640 You have Mexican agave... syrup. Mm‐hmm. 00:06:55.640 --> 00:06:56.940 ‐ You got sesame oil. 00:06:56.940 --> 00:06:58.150 You got soy sauce. 00:06:58.150 --> 00:06:59.900 You got Vietnamese fish sauce. 00:06:59.900 --> 00:07:03.360 I think it shows that things that were disparate, 00:07:03.360 --> 00:07:06.240 ingredients from other cultures will blend into one thing. 00:07:06.240 --> 00:07:07.660 Yes, there might be a little bit of seaweed, 00:07:07.660 --> 00:07:09.410 but I don't think it's gonna all be seaweed. 00:07:14.540 --> 00:07:16.750 Blade Runner nailed the food scene 00:07:16.750 --> 00:07:20.340 when they're just eating the bowl of noodles in LA. 00:07:20.340 --> 00:07:21.290 It was pretty great. 00:07:21.290 --> 00:07:22.800 That was what, made in 1982? 00:07:23.170 --> 00:07:26.930 I mean, who the hell knew what a bowl of noodle soup was 00:07:26.930 --> 00:07:28.260 on a street corner 00:07:31.770 --> 00:07:34.480 Migration is also climate caused. 00:07:34.480 --> 00:07:36.700 The UN says by 2050, 00:07:36.700 --> 00:07:40.450 two hundred million people are gonna be made into migrants by climate change. 00:07:40.450 --> 00:07:44.200 ‐ If you have all of these people going all over the world now, 00:07:44.200 --> 00:07:45.250 'cause they're gonna have to, 00:07:45.250 --> 00:07:48.160 I think food's gonna get crazy interesting. 00:07:48.750 --> 00:07:51.000 Part of me is very excited about that. 00:07:51.580 --> 00:07:53.460 That sounds so *ed up, I know. 00:07:55.130 --> 00:07:56.800 Don't be ashamed, Dave. 00:07:56.800 --> 00:07:58.430 Now you're thinking like an AI. 00:07:58.430 --> 00:08:00.260 And the cross‐pollination you've been talking about 00:08:00.260 --> 00:08:02.350 has been happening for a long time. 00:08:02.350 --> 00:08:05.470 ‐ Places that have a real hodgepodge of culture 00:08:05.470 --> 00:08:06.890 and different people and immigrants, 00:08:06.890 --> 00:08:08.690 people are gonna merge these things together 00:08:08.690 --> 00:08:10.230 and that's how you get something new. 00:08:10.650 --> 00:08:14.440 I've always thought Caribbean food represents the future food. 00:08:14.820 --> 00:08:16.280 Where are you gonna get a mixture, 00:08:16.280 --> 00:08:18.150 oftentimes against people's wills, 00:08:18.150 --> 00:08:20.910 mixture of flavors from around the world really? 00:08:25.160 --> 00:08:26.450 One example of this in the wild 00:08:26.450 --> 00:08:27.830 is happening Down Under. 00:08:28.330 --> 00:08:31.210 Chef Paul Carmichael, originally from Barbados, 00:08:31.210 --> 00:08:34.420 is mixing his own history and flavors with those of Australia. 00:08:34.420 --> 00:08:37.130 A country most known for its overly salty abominations. 00:08:40.930 --> 00:08:42.930 I like to call Caribbean food 00:08:42.930 --> 00:08:44.930 the ultimate fusion food. 00:08:44.930 --> 00:08:46.970 I like to say 500 years of fusion. 00:08:47.680 --> 00:08:51.060 Growing up in Barbados, uh, my mum used to cook this thing 00:08:51.060 --> 00:08:52.600 for breakfast all the time. 00:08:52.600 --> 00:08:55.440 And it was this frizzy salted cod, 00:08:55.440 --> 00:08:57.530 and it's something that was very important to me 00:08:57.530 --> 00:09:00.610 but also like stuck in my memory all these years. 00:09:00.610 --> 00:09:02.610 ‐ Is salt cod like a day's ingredients 00:09:02.610 --> 00:09:05.030 that you would just see all the time or like wh‐‐ 00:09:05.030 --> 00:09:08.200 ‐ Yeah, so, I mean, cod came through the Caribbean 00:09:08.200 --> 00:09:10.960 as the colonials came through the Caribbean 00:09:10.960 --> 00:09:13.250 while they raped and pillaged and‐‐ 00:09:13.250 --> 00:09:15.460 You know, let's just, let's just be honest. 00:09:21.050 --> 00:09:24.140 The Caribbean food didn't happen organically 00:09:24.140 --> 00:09:26.430 and it didn't happen comfortably. 00:09:27.140 --> 00:09:30.430 It was hundreds of thousands of people 00:09:30.930 --> 00:09:34.980 stacked on top of each other in like a sardine can. 00:09:37.730 --> 00:09:39.690 So you've got like, things like salt cod, 00:09:39.690 --> 00:09:41.900 but then like hoisin 00:09:41.900 --> 00:09:45.030 and soy sauce is like‐‐ ‐ Very... very like‐‐ Super Asia. 00:09:45.030 --> 00:09:50.080 But also readily available and highly used in the Caribbean. 00:09:52.460 --> 00:09:55.380 When I came here, I wanted to make a dish 00:09:55.380 --> 00:09:58.750 representative of Saint Vincent and Antigua. 00:09:59.630 --> 00:10:00.840 The ducana dish. 00:10:01.380 --> 00:10:04.220 I wanted to keep it as traditional as I could 00:10:04.220 --> 00:10:06.220 and serve it with salted cod. 00:10:06.720 --> 00:10:10.810 Ducana is a pudding made from sweet potato, coconut milk, 00:10:10.810 --> 00:10:12.770 sometimes spices, sometimes not, 00:10:12.770 --> 00:10:13.810 wrapped in banana leaf. 00:10:14.350 --> 00:10:15.850 This is the fancy restaurant move. 00:10:18.900 --> 00:10:22.070 This is a riff on what I would do at Barbados 00:10:22.070 --> 00:10:26.030 and what would be served here in Australia. 00:10:26.620 --> 00:10:29.870 The food is a integrated fused food. 00:10:31.040 --> 00:10:33.000 ‐ It's like sweet, salty, crunchy. 00:10:33.960 --> 00:10:35.460 ‐ It's so good. 00:10:36.460 --> 00:10:39.630 This is like a world without borders, right? 00:10:39.630 --> 00:10:40.800 You could do it through food. 00:10:40.800 --> 00:10:43.970 Like, we gotta try to work towards the future together 00:10:43.970 --> 00:10:46.970 rather than individually apart. 00:10:51.100 --> 00:10:53.770 ‐ So that's where I think future food is, is when 00:10:54.730 --> 00:10:58.650 you let people who are open to change and open to deliciousness 00:10:58.650 --> 00:11:00.190 and open to cultures 00:11:00.980 --> 00:11:02.280 mix and match. 00:11:03.860 --> 00:11:06.200 But, here's the guarantee, there's not enough land 00:11:06.200 --> 00:11:08.740 to continue to produce food. 00:11:10.580 --> 00:11:12.240 To me, that's what's gonna change. 00:11:12.240 --> 00:11:14.500 It's gonna be how we grow things. 00:11:19.540 --> 00:11:21.420 Vertical faming will have to work. 00:11:21.800 --> 00:11:22.880 Here's the idea. 00:11:22.880 --> 00:11:25.170 I can have vegetables grown locally 00:11:25.630 --> 00:11:30.600 and I don't need to use a lot of land, water or sunlight. 00:11:31.100 --> 00:11:34.390 -And I can grow it like 12 - X faster, it's like, that's awesome. 00:11:35.890 --> 00:11:40.150 ‐ Field agriculture is the most widespread and destructive human practice 00:11:40.150 --> 00:11:42.110 on the planet, right? 00:11:42.110 --> 00:11:44.280 We go out into a field and we till it up. 00:11:44.280 --> 00:11:46.240 We go to a forest and we cut it down. 00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:47.570 Like, that's agriculture. 00:11:47.570 --> 00:11:48.740 Ninety nine percent of the water 00:11:48.740 --> 00:11:50.820 that you put on a crop in the field is transpired. 00:11:50.820 --> 00:11:52.330 It just evaporates in the atmosphere. 00:11:52.700 --> 00:11:55.330 And in our farm we're able to capture all of that water, 00:11:55.330 --> 00:11:57.660 condense it and recirculate it back into the solutions. 00:12:02.960 --> 00:12:05.380 This is vertical grow. 00:12:09.090 --> 00:12:10.840 Wow. Yeah. 00:12:12.430 --> 00:12:13.510 And it's more efficient 00:12:13.510 --> 00:12:16.890 to have it vertical than like this way? 00:12:16.890 --> 00:12:18.140 Yeah. Instead of stacks? 00:12:18.140 --> 00:12:18.980 Yeah, when you go up 00:12:18.980 --> 00:12:20.520 you just have a lot more room to work with. 00:12:20.940 --> 00:12:24.860 Um, we can change the temperature, humidity, nutrients that go to each line. 00:12:25.110 --> 00:12:27.280 And each line has its own nutrient recipe. 00:12:27.280 --> 00:12:30.410 They're in here around ten days from start to finish. 00:12:31.030 --> 00:12:31.820 Yeah. 00:12:32.570 --> 00:12:33.950 Every time I'm in a room like this 00:12:33.950 --> 00:12:37.700 I keep on thinking about all the marijuana that I could be growing. 00:12:37.700 --> 00:12:40.420 But seriously, you should grow both. 00:12:41.460 --> 00:12:42.460 They're both vegetables. 00:12:42.460 --> 00:12:43.920 Let's see what they have to say. They're both plants. 00:12:47.960 --> 00:12:49.130 It's good lettuce. 00:12:49.760 --> 00:12:52.340 There's a big difference than what you'd go buy 00:12:52.340 --> 00:12:54.850 in a grocery store where something has to be on the truck 00:12:54.850 --> 00:12:58.350 and is designed not for flavor but it's designed for the truck. 00:12:58.350 --> 00:13:02.350 And the skin is like tough enough so that it can get to a grocery store. 00:13:02.350 --> 00:13:04.110 This is our seeding area. 00:13:04.940 --> 00:13:06.820 And we do all of our cultivars here. 00:13:10.320 --> 00:13:14.070 Those little fingers on the robots are gonna pick up the seedlings 00:13:14.070 --> 00:13:16.120 and they'll put them in the tower on both sides. 00:13:16.490 --> 00:13:19.100 They can do about 200 plants per minute. 00:13:19.370 --> 00:13:20.710 Pretty cool. 00:13:24.130 --> 00:13:25.380 It's‐it's fascinating. 00:13:25.840 --> 00:13:27.710 Yeah, we really try to think outside the box 00:13:27.710 --> 00:13:29.510 and be as efficient as we can. 00:13:29.510 --> 00:13:32.340 It's how you get ahead. You gotta be as innovative as possible. 00:13:35.890 --> 00:13:37.220 We've been playing God with food 00:13:37.220 --> 00:13:38.390 for a while now. 00:13:38.850 --> 00:13:40.930 Almost everything we eat today 00:13:40.930 --> 00:13:44.100 at some point was engineered 00:13:44.100 --> 00:13:47.480 to either grow more heartily during droughts 00:13:47.480 --> 00:13:50.070 or to be plumper. 00:13:50.070 --> 00:13:51.950 Everything we eat today 00:13:52.490 --> 00:13:55.280 doesn't look anything like its origin many, many years ago. 00:13:55.780 --> 00:13:57.410 I have tasted a lot of things 00:13:57.410 --> 00:14:00.290 that weren't even close to the original seed 00:14:00.290 --> 00:14:03.460 but the earlier versions weren't as delicious as they are today. 00:14:04.210 --> 00:14:06.920 We have to, like, reframe the conversation 00:14:06.920 --> 00:14:07.960 and the problem here, right? 00:14:07.960 --> 00:14:09.800 It's not like we're making a choice 00:14:09.800 --> 00:14:12.220 between fields and vertical farming. 00:14:12.220 --> 00:14:14.050 We're running out of land. 00:14:15.720 --> 00:14:18.560 Not all farming is bad 00:14:18.560 --> 00:14:21.980 but I do think it's important that it's done in the right way. 00:14:22.850 --> 00:14:27.440 And it's probably some kind of blend of AI and humans working together 00:14:27.440 --> 00:14:30.070 because clearly automation is gonna be something 00:14:30.070 --> 00:14:31.690 we have to deal with more and more. 00:14:40.040 --> 00:14:43.540 I have no idea how automation is going to actually happen. 00:14:44.830 --> 00:14:49.250 And this is where it gets in this moral paradox or conundrum in my mind 00:14:49.250 --> 00:14:51.800 where, okay, I would like the human touch, 00:14:51.800 --> 00:14:53.720 I would like to employ humans, 00:14:53.720 --> 00:14:56.640 but it doesn't seem we'll be able to find an equitable way 00:14:56.640 --> 00:14:59.800 for human labor to pick all these grapes, these artichokes. 00:14:59.800 --> 00:15:03.100 So the question I think that people have to ask ultimately 00:15:03.100 --> 00:15:05.270 for automation in farming 00:15:05.270 --> 00:15:09.020 is if you're pro reduction of human suffering. 00:15:09.480 --> 00:15:10.940 At least we should be asking the question, 00:15:10.940 --> 00:15:13.190 how do you lower suffering? 00:15:18.410 --> 00:15:19.870 This Monarch tractor 00:15:19.870 --> 00:15:23.410 is an all‐electric, driver optional smart tractor. 00:15:24.700 --> 00:15:26.040 Us being driver optional, 00:15:26.040 --> 00:15:28.750 even though we have a steering wheel and pedals, 00:15:28.750 --> 00:15:32.090 once the driver trains it, we can repeat all the operations. 00:15:32.090 --> 00:15:34.420 That helps the farmers save money 00:15:34.420 --> 00:15:37.630 and it also increases the safety of the farmworkers. 00:15:40.100 --> 00:15:42.100 We have camera around the tractor, 00:15:42.100 --> 00:15:45.270 we have sensors that pick up important information. 00:15:45.270 --> 00:15:47.270 We can give you a digital story. 00:15:47.270 --> 00:15:48.980 We could do a highlight reel for you. 00:15:49.690 --> 00:15:53.440 So while you're eating something you could see a 15‐second clip 00:15:53.440 --> 00:15:55.440 of exactly how that food was grown. 00:16:00.660 --> 00:16:01.530 Worst‐case scenarios 00:16:01.530 --> 00:16:02.990 like there's no more humans‐‐ 00:16:02.990 --> 00:16:04.410 It's already happening. 00:16:04.410 --> 00:16:05.910 I have, like, Alexa. 00:16:05.910 --> 00:16:08.120 It tells me like, hey, you're probably out of this. 00:16:08.120 --> 00:16:09.620 You should restock on this. 00:16:10.830 --> 00:16:12.540 That's weird and scary, 00:16:12.540 --> 00:16:14.210 but it's also like incredibly helpful. 00:16:15.420 --> 00:16:18.970 And I think the future of supermarket will probably be online. 00:16:19.630 --> 00:16:20.590 Virtual. 00:16:21.140 --> 00:16:23.850 Where you can see everything without having to go into the supermarket. 00:16:23.850 --> 00:16:26.730 Your age has already been pre‐verified through your profile. 00:16:26.730 --> 00:16:28.350 So no need to wait for an ID check. 00:16:28.350 --> 00:16:30.900 Just place the item in your cart whenever you're ready. 00:16:30.900 --> 00:16:32.270 ‐ It's gonna be something like that. 00:16:32.270 --> 00:16:35.820 And it's all gonna be shared information. 00:16:35.820 --> 00:16:38.190 I'll be honest, I think that's gonna be awesome. 00:16:38.190 --> 00:16:40.660 Scary, but, like, in terms of privacy 00:16:40.660 --> 00:16:41.870 I don't give a *. 00:16:41.870 --> 00:16:42.990 Take my shit. 00:16:43.870 --> 00:16:45.240 What are you gonna do with it? 00:16:53.080 --> 00:16:56.550 We are in Elysium. We're in food future. 00:16:56.550 --> 00:16:58.550 ‐ The future looks like an airport. 00:16:59.300 --> 00:17:02.390 Basically, utopia is gonna have a Cinnabon 00:17:03.010 --> 00:17:04.800 and an Auntie Anne's Pretzel. 00:17:04.800 --> 00:17:06.350 ‐ That's what‐‐ Yes. That's your utopia, your‐‐ 00:17:06.350 --> 00:17:07.890 ‐ That's where we're at. We're‐we're at a mall. 00:17:07.890 --> 00:17:12.600 Everything is standardized and you have, you know, good to mediocre food. 00:17:12.600 --> 00:17:14.020 Because of automation. 00:17:14.020 --> 00:17:16.150 ‐ Do you think automation makes food better? 00:17:16.690 --> 00:17:20.150 ‐ I think automation is gonna make food more consistent. 00:17:20.150 --> 00:17:22.780 It's going to be less peaks and valleys. 00:17:22.780 --> 00:17:24.280 More of a consistent plateau. 00:17:24.570 --> 00:17:27.330 ‐ Yeah. It's almost like for us all to survive 00:17:27.330 --> 00:17:29.750 and for these art forms to survive, 00:17:30.540 --> 00:17:32.460 is that we have to concede greatness? 00:17:32.460 --> 00:17:35.460 Like we have to give up on being great, give up on eight, nines and tens 00:17:35.460 --> 00:17:38.250 so that another generation gets to be sevens? 00:17:38.250 --> 00:17:40.220 Like, that might be the future we're facing. 00:17:40.880 --> 00:17:45.550 ‐ I think for food to be more consistent and more accessible 00:17:45.550 --> 00:17:50.270 and less, um, less negative aspects, 00:17:50.270 --> 00:17:51.730 it'll be less delicious. 00:17:51.730 --> 00:17:56.020 Less delicious for more people to have access to it. 00:17:56.020 --> 00:17:58.360 I think it's a good trade‐off. 00:18:00.360 --> 00:18:02.400 Let's look at some facts about 2050. 00:18:02.820 --> 00:18:05.030 The population will be around ten billion. 00:18:05.030 --> 00:18:07.620 And it's gonna be really hot and really crowded. 00:18:07.620 --> 00:18:09.240 Like the subway but everywhere. 00:18:09.950 --> 00:18:13.160 The average human needs over 2,000 calories a day to survive. 00:18:13.160 --> 00:18:15.250 The question is where does that food come from? 00:18:15.790 --> 00:18:17.670 Commodities humans take from granted today 00:18:17.670 --> 00:18:20.880 like chicken, beef, or Jack in the Box Tiny Tacos 00:18:20.880 --> 00:18:22.800 require tons of land and water. 00:18:23.590 --> 00:18:25.760 At a certain point around 2050, 00:18:25.760 --> 00:18:27.430 the amount of protein needed by mankind 00:18:27.430 --> 00:18:29.760 is going to exceed the total amount you're able to produce. 00:18:30.430 --> 00:18:32.480 It's an event being called the protein bottleneck. 00:18:33.140 --> 00:18:34.350 And everyone's invited. 00:18:36.150 --> 00:18:37.360 The source of food 00:18:37.360 --> 00:18:38.900 and the bottleneck of food 00:18:38.900 --> 00:18:41.740 is probably what you should be thinking about before restaurants 00:18:41.740 --> 00:18:44.070 because what's the point of having a steakhouse 00:18:44.070 --> 00:18:45.740 if you can't get the steak? 00:18:47.700 --> 00:18:49.410 Growing a cow to eat it 00:18:49.410 --> 00:18:52.540 is about the most inefficient way you can possibly imagine 00:18:52.540 --> 00:18:54.910 to make food. 00:18:54.910 --> 00:18:57.290 You know, that's gone, right? 00:18:58.340 --> 00:19:02.260 That authentic experience of eating real meat in 100 years 00:19:02.260 --> 00:19:04.800 is a privilege only for the very, very wealthy. 00:19:05.260 --> 00:19:07.300 Or the very, very, very, very poor. 00:19:09.640 --> 00:19:12.640 ‐ Soylent Green is people! 00:19:14.490 --> 00:19:16.280 There are certain cultures that insects 00:19:16.280 --> 00:19:18.620 are already integrated in how they eat. 00:19:19.660 --> 00:19:22.790 But what's delicious to one culture won't be delicious to another. 00:19:23.460 --> 00:19:25.880 I'm gonna try my best to appreciate it, 00:19:25.880 --> 00:19:28.000 but it's not something I personally find delicious. 00:19:28.710 --> 00:19:32.220 But in the future if I don't have a juicy rib eye 00:19:32.220 --> 00:19:35.180 and I have bugs and I'm hungry, guess what I'm eating. 00:19:35.180 --> 00:19:36.550 I'm eating bugs. 00:19:40.810 --> 00:19:42.440 ‐ Hi, I'm Chris. ‐ Hi, Chris. 00:19:42.440 --> 00:19:43.980 I'm Monica. ‐ Nice to meet you. 00:19:46.190 --> 00:19:48.070 ‐ So this is an urban farm 00:19:48.070 --> 00:19:51.030 an urban, um, I guess, edible insect farm. 00:19:51.440 --> 00:19:53.900 So what we're farming here is, uh, mealworms. 00:19:55.870 --> 00:19:58.120 So these guys are mealworms. 00:19:58.120 --> 00:19:59.740 Uh‐huh. They definitely are. 00:20:00.580 --> 00:20:01.620 ‐ They like heat. 00:20:01.620 --> 00:20:03.290 That's why one of the reasons why they say, like. 00:20:03.290 --> 00:20:06.210 insects are gonna be the food of the future 00:20:06.210 --> 00:20:07.960 because the climate change, right? 00:20:07.960 --> 00:20:10.210 The warmer the planet gets, the more insects. 00:20:10.210 --> 00:20:11.340 The more insects there will be. 00:20:11.840 --> 00:20:13.090 Let me get in here and feel this a little. 00:20:13.090 --> 00:20:14.590 Ooh, it does feel nice. 00:20:14.590 --> 00:20:16.340 Very calming. 00:20:16.340 --> 00:20:17.800 Oh, it's not that calming. 00:20:19.970 --> 00:20:20.970 It's a cultural thing. 00:20:20.970 --> 00:20:23.180 'Cause some cultures, you know, 00:20:23.180 --> 00:20:24.350 they don't even think about it. 00:20:24.350 --> 00:20:25.560 It's just a type of food. 00:20:26.310 --> 00:20:28.810 I was exposed to insects when I was like seven, eight years old, 00:20:28.810 --> 00:20:30.570 which was really hard for me to like‐‐ Ugh! 00:20:30.570 --> 00:20:33.110 I was very squeamish about insects in general. 00:20:33.740 --> 00:20:36.610 I'm just trying to revive this culture, 00:20:36.610 --> 00:20:39.660 adding diversity into our diet. 00:20:39.660 --> 00:20:43.200 And insects are such an amazing protein type of food 00:20:43.200 --> 00:20:44.370 that we need to be tapping in. 00:20:45.250 --> 00:20:46.540 Really? You're gonna eat it? 00:20:46.540 --> 00:20:48.040 ‐ I mean, well, I'm here. What am I gonna do? 00:20:48.040 --> 00:20:49.380 Not eat one of these now? 00:20:52.130 --> 00:20:53.050 They're very fatty. 00:20:53.050 --> 00:20:54.880 They have like a good fat. 00:20:54.880 --> 00:20:56.050 Like‐‐ 00:20:56.050 --> 00:20:57.840 ‐ That's actually very good, I'm not gonna lie. 00:20:57.840 --> 00:20:59.050 It is very nutty but it's like‐‐ 00:21:00.720 --> 00:21:01.760 It burst a little bit. 00:21:01.760 --> 00:21:03.680 But it's like, it's actually very‐‐ Hmm. 00:21:03.680 --> 00:21:05.890 Oh, my God. 00:21:05.890 --> 00:21:07.310 ‐ Actually it was like very delicious. 00:21:07.310 --> 00:21:08.810 The skeleton is like a‐‐ I‐‐ It's‐‐ 00:21:08.810 --> 00:21:10.190 I bet it's much better toasted. 00:21:10.190 --> 00:21:12.070 Like crunchier and like that. ‐ Yeah. 00:21:12.070 --> 00:21:13.320 ‐ But actually the flavor, you're right. 00:21:13.320 --> 00:21:14.940 It's nutty and it's very‐‐ ‐ It's nutty, like‐‐ Yeah. 00:21:14.940 --> 00:21:17.200 My daughter eats them toasted. 00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:20.410 With spoon. Like literally, it's a bowl with toasted mealworms. 00:21:20.410 --> 00:21:21.490 They're like crunchy 00:21:21.490 --> 00:21:23.080 and she just goes for it. ‐ Yeah. 00:21:23.830 --> 00:21:28.000 So these guys are toasted chili lime crickets. 00:21:28.540 --> 00:21:31.710 To me, like, knowing where my food comes from, 00:21:31.710 --> 00:21:34.590 and how much, you know, they put back or they take from the planet 00:21:34.590 --> 00:21:35.920 is very important. 00:21:35.920 --> 00:21:37.680 The more that we educate about people, 00:21:37.680 --> 00:21:41.800 our decisions, our choices on food can help in the future. 00:21:41.800 --> 00:21:43.220 That's amazing. 00:21:50.400 --> 00:21:53.230 If you were to make a movie set in 2050, 00:21:53.230 --> 00:21:54.230 what would it be? 00:21:54.820 --> 00:21:56.280 ‐ It's Demolition Man. 00:21:58.650 --> 00:22:01.530 ‐ Who wants to take me to dinner at Taco Bell? 00:22:01.530 --> 00:22:02.830 And Lord knows I wouldn't mind a burrito. 00:22:02.830 --> 00:22:05.490 I'd make a frame by frame recreation 00:22:05.490 --> 00:22:07.870 of Demolition Man. 00:22:07.870 --> 00:22:09.040 The restaurant. 00:22:09.040 --> 00:22:10.790 ‐ Now all restaurants are Taco Bell. 00:22:10.790 --> 00:22:12.380 ‐ Exactamundo. 00:22:16.170 --> 00:22:18.220 ‐ This is like a ground beef taco, 00:22:18.220 --> 00:22:21.390 but in the future maybe it's ground beef, maybe it's lab‐grown. 00:22:21.390 --> 00:22:23.430 Maybe it's gonna be meat alternative. 00:22:24.010 --> 00:22:26.930 ‐ Oh, hell, yeah. Taco Bell will win the franchise wars for sure. 00:22:27.350 --> 00:22:28.640 ‐ You think? ‐ Oh, yeah. 00:22:29.480 --> 00:22:30.810 It's a lot more probable 00:22:30.810 --> 00:22:33.360 than say like a bottle of Soylent Green. 00:22:33.770 --> 00:22:36.980 ‐ It tastes like a white guy who made Mexican food, which I love. 00:22:37.650 --> 00:22:38.740 You know. 00:22:39.990 --> 00:22:41.410 You're also being pragmatic. 00:22:41.410 --> 00:22:43.280 I think if you asked anyone 20 years ago, 00:22:43.280 --> 00:22:45.240 which grocery store will win, 00:22:45.240 --> 00:22:47.830 I don't think many people would have said Amazon, right? 00:22:47.830 --> 00:22:50.710 Your thinking is‐is very macroeconomic 00:22:50.710 --> 00:22:53.040 and‐and I think will become true. 00:22:53.040 --> 00:22:54.170 ‐ It's like 00:22:55.040 --> 00:22:56.550 mass appeal Mexican food. 00:22:57.000 --> 00:22:59.380 A lot of umami, texture‐‐ 00:22:59.380 --> 00:23:00.680 ‐ And it appeals to everybody. 00:23:00.680 --> 00:23:03.300 These flavors, it's very easy to understand. 00:23:03.300 --> 00:23:04.140 ‐ Absolutely. 00:23:04.140 --> 00:23:06.850 You know, people are gonna still eat pizza. 00:23:06.850 --> 00:23:08.390 It may have different toppings. 00:23:08.390 --> 00:23:10.520 People are still gonna eat hamburgers 00:23:10.520 --> 00:23:12.230 but it may be filled with something else. 00:23:12.230 --> 00:23:13.770 ‐ What? ‐ Not regular beef. 00:23:13.770 --> 00:23:15.310 They're still gonna eat chicken sandwiches. 00:23:15.310 --> 00:23:16.900 They're still gonna eat Caesar salads. 00:23:16.900 --> 00:23:19.240 They're still gonna eat chicken wings and chicken nuggets. 00:23:19.570 --> 00:23:22.910 You think the world will stop eating chicken tenders in 100 years? 00:23:22.910 --> 00:23:23.820 Absolutely not. 00:23:27.080 --> 00:23:29.500 Is the fried chicken finger future 00:23:29.500 --> 00:23:31.330 an optimistic or pessimistic view, though? 00:23:31.330 --> 00:23:33.000 ‐ I think it's real. 00:23:35.630 --> 00:23:37.500 I think most people will be eating 00:23:37.500 --> 00:23:39.090 some kinda mock chicken meat. 00:23:39.090 --> 00:23:43.050 Probably made out of mushrooms or something lab‐grown. 00:23:43.970 --> 00:23:46.510 You know what the food of the future is? Look at fast food around the world. 00:23:48.140 --> 00:23:50.310 What does McDonald's in India...? Which is great. 00:23:50.310 --> 00:23:52.560 ‐ McAloo Tikki burgers. And they're fantastic. 00:23:52.560 --> 00:23:53.520 ‐ It's still a burger though. 00:23:54.100 --> 00:23:56.650 You're seeing the future of food happen. 00:23:56.650 --> 00:23:59.730 When you look at a fast food hamburger commercial, they're like... 00:24:00.570 --> 00:24:04.910 check it out, the new griddled sriracha hamburger 00:24:04.910 --> 00:24:07.740 or the spicy gochujang fried chicken sandwich. 00:24:07.740 --> 00:24:12.080 McDonald's will have the ghost pepper Szechuan spice McChicken. 00:24:12.830 --> 00:24:14.000 That's the future. 00:24:14.460 --> 00:24:16.330 The future is basically what we're eating right now. 00:24:18.670 --> 00:24:20.170 So if you're making chicken fingers, 00:24:20.170 --> 00:24:23.840 is algae still the most dystopian vision of the future? 00:24:23.840 --> 00:24:26.260 ‐ I think that makes you the most dystopian vision. 00:24:26.260 --> 00:24:28.470 ‐ Well, mine's just called the most pragmatic. 00:24:28.470 --> 00:24:30.600 People aren't gonna all of a sudden be like, 00:24:30.600 --> 00:24:32.560 "Ugh, chicken fingers, *in' disgusting." 00:24:33.680 --> 00:24:35.100 I have my dredged powder. 00:24:35.100 --> 00:24:37.270 The futuristic dredged powder that can be anything. 00:24:37.270 --> 00:24:39.320 But I'm adding blue‐green algae. 00:24:40.110 --> 00:24:43.610 All of a sudden my dish is way more futuristic. 00:24:47.700 --> 00:24:48.820 And you know what the future will have? 00:24:48.820 --> 00:24:50.660 People that double dip. Always. 00:24:51.410 --> 00:24:52.540 Chicken fingers will not go away 00:24:52.540 --> 00:24:54.660 because they'll turn bugs into chicken fingers. 00:24:54.660 --> 00:24:56.080 And now I can eat that. 00:24:56.670 --> 00:24:58.460 As long as it tastes like a chicken finger. 00:24:59.040 --> 00:25:00.040 I'll be okay. 00:25:00.500 --> 00:25:01.710 Dipped in ranch dressing. 00:25:04.380 --> 00:25:05.970 See, I was picturing utopia as like, 00:25:05.970 --> 00:25:09.220 all right, as humans, we have once again conquered the challenge 00:25:09.220 --> 00:25:10.640 and answered the bell 00:25:10.640 --> 00:25:13.520 and figured out how to like maintain our life and continue. 00:25:14.730 --> 00:25:17.690 But there has to be like an apocalyptic situation 00:25:17.690 --> 00:25:18.900 for people to be like, "Wait." 00:25:19.520 --> 00:25:21.020 ‐ That's coming with the environment. 00:25:21.020 --> 00:25:22.860 ‐ Yeah. It is. It's here. 00:25:22.860 --> 00:25:24.320 We're in some hardship. 00:25:25.440 --> 00:25:27.110 In order for your utopia, 00:25:27.110 --> 00:25:29.370 there has to be immense suffering. 00:25:29.370 --> 00:25:30.280 Yeah. 00:25:30.280 --> 00:25:32.290 I'm like our parents. Right. 00:25:32.290 --> 00:25:33.660 "Without pain and struggle 00:25:33.660 --> 00:25:35.960 you're not David Chang," would be their answer. 00:25:35.960 --> 00:25:38.420 And that's not me wishing pain on anyone. 00:25:38.420 --> 00:25:40.040 ‐ This is some real Asian shit. 00:25:41.590 --> 00:25:43.420 ‐ I really do think pain is a teacher. 00:25:44.670 --> 00:25:46.170 You know, I'm an alarmist, 00:25:46.170 --> 00:25:48.180 I do think things are gonna get really bad, 00:25:48.180 --> 00:25:50.220 but I think we're making much more progress 00:25:50.220 --> 00:25:51.850 than I thought was possible a few years ago, 00:25:51.850 --> 00:25:54.970 and that means that the likely future that we're facing, 00:25:55.640 --> 00:25:58.020 at least allows for the possibility 00:25:58.020 --> 00:26:01.860 of some amount of prosperity and flourishing and justice in the world. 00:26:02.930 --> 00:26:04.470 My personal opinion is, 00:26:04.890 --> 00:26:06.730 you know, food is a meme 00:26:06.730 --> 00:26:09.520 that tasty things wanna survive. 00:26:09.520 --> 00:26:10.940 I hope so. Mm‐hmm. 00:26:10.940 --> 00:26:13.400 ‐ They're going to find a way to merge 00:26:13.400 --> 00:26:15.610 with culture in different ways. 00:26:15.610 --> 00:26:16.780 You know, I hope you're right. 00:26:16.780 --> 00:26:18.360 That flavor finds a way. 00:26:18.910 --> 00:26:21.700 But if you have a culture in which you're only fed your favorite dish 00:26:21.700 --> 00:26:23.990 from, you know, you like chicken nuggets when you're three years old, 00:26:24.450 --> 00:26:26.830 the algorithm's gonna give you chicken nuggets till you're dead. 00:26:26.830 --> 00:26:28.670 Right? At some point in there 00:26:28.670 --> 00:26:31.830 it will be nice to accidentally try something new, 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:37.340 But I remain hopelessly ever so slightly techno‐optimistic. 00:26:38.340 --> 00:26:42.680 ‐ There is some unbelievable ingenuity in food, 00:26:42.680 --> 00:26:44.930 in food science, in food production 00:26:44.930 --> 00:26:46.220 that is around the corner. 00:26:46.220 --> 00:26:47.600 You're gonna have vertical farming 00:26:47.600 --> 00:26:49.060 which loses a lot of money right now, 00:26:49.060 --> 00:26:50.270 but it has to work. 00:26:50.900 --> 00:26:52.360 Cultivated meats is very expensive. 00:26:52.360 --> 00:26:54.610 I think people will reject it at first 00:26:54.610 --> 00:26:55.650 and then they will accept it 00:26:55.650 --> 00:26:57.240 because they have no choice. 00:26:57.240 --> 00:26:59.900 ‐ And I think maybe we can rise out of this hardship 00:26:59.900 --> 00:27:01.700 with some more communal thoughts. 00:27:03.370 --> 00:27:04.490 I'm concerned that people are gonna be like, 00:27:04.490 --> 00:27:05.370 "Oh, that can't happen. 00:27:05.370 --> 00:27:07.370 You can't do this. That's not right." 00:27:08.040 --> 00:27:09.580 We don't have the * answers. 00:27:09.580 --> 00:27:12.040 But the wrong thing we can do is nothing. 00:27:14.500 --> 00:27:16.920 The only thing I hope for the future 00:27:17.550 --> 00:27:20.340 is that everything's on the * table.